水(shui)(shui)合物反应(ying)釜(fu);储氢(qing);氢(qing)气储存;水(shui)(shui)合物技术储存氢(qing)气反应(ying)釜(fu),水(shui)(shui)合物加氢(qing)反应(ying)器...
销售(shou)电话(hua):13269851939
咨询(xun)电话(hua):400-058-2728
氢气的(de)储存(cun)有高(gao)压压缩、低温液(ye)(ye)化(hua)、金属氢化(hua)物(wu)等多种方式,利用水合物(wu)技术储存(cun)氢气是(shi)(shi)近年来(lai)发展起(qi)来(lai)的(de)一项新技术。从(cong)水合物(wu)储氢的(de)原理、技术性(xing)(xing)(xing)、经(jing)济性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)安(an)全性(xing)(xing)(xing)方面(mian)对(dui)水合物(wu)储氢技术进(jin)行了分析比较。水合物(wu)储氢技术的(de)能耗与(yu)储能之比与(yu)高(gao)压压缩法(fa)相近,生产成本低于高(gao)压压缩法(fa)和(he)低温液(ye)(ye)化(hua)法(fa),而且安(an)全性(xing)(xing)(xing)较高(gao),是(shi)(shi)一种潜在的(de)高(gao)效(xiao)储气技术。
关键词:水(shui)(shui)合物反应釜;储(chu)氢;氢气(qi)储(chu)存(cun);水(shui)(shui)合物技术(shu)储(chu)存(cun)氢气(qi)反应釜
氢(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)因具有来源(yuan)(yuan)丰(feng)富(fu)、可再生(sheng)、热效(xiao)率高(gao)和燃烧清洁(jie)等(deng)特(te)点而(er)受到(dao)(dao)广泛重视,作(zuo)为(wei)清洁(jie)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)可替代石油、天然(ran)气(qi)和煤等(deng)短缺的化石燃料(liao)(liao),将成为(wei)21世纪的绿色能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)。氢(qing)(qing)气(qi)作(zuo)为(wei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在我国(guo)的应用(yong)(yong)主(zhu)要集中在民用(yong)(yong)和交(jiao)通(tong)领域(yu),城市现在大力推(tui)广天然(ran)气(qi),在此之前(qian)(qian)多使用(yong)(yong)人工(gong)煤气(qi),而(er)人工(gong)煤气(qi)中就含有体积分数约50%的氢(qing)(qing)气(qi),这是(shi)氢(qing)(qing)作(zuo)为(wei)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)在民用(yong)(yong)领域(yu)的主(zhu)要应用(yong)(yong),目前(qian)(qian)仍占(zhan)一定的比例。随着氢(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)应用(yong)(yong)研究的不断深入(ru),特(te)别是(shi)氢(qing)(qing)内(nei)燃机汽车和以氢(qing)(qing)为(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)、通(tong)过(guo)化学作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)产生(sheng)电(dian)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)为(wei)动力的燃料(liao)(liao)电(dian)池汽车技(ji)术日趋接(jie)近大规(gui)模(mo)商业化应用(yong)(yong),氢(qing)(qing)的储存技(ji)术显得十(shi)分重要。从某种意(yi)义上来说,氢(qing)(qing)气(qi)储存是(shi)氢(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)应用(yong)(yong)的瓶颈(jing)技(ji)术,大规(gui)模(mo)、经济(ji)、高(gao)效(xiao)和安全储氢(qing)(qing)技(ji)术的发展(zhan)将直接(jie)影响到(dao)(dao)氢(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)术的推(tui)广应用(yong)(yong),尤其(qi)是(shi)在车辆和移动工(gong)具方面(mian)。
水合(he)物(wu)技术(shu)储存(cun)氢气(qi)反应釜,常用的(de)氢气(qi)储存(cun)方法
由(you)于氢(qing)(qing)具有质量轻,难(nan)以压缩,难(nan)以液化,易(yi)燃、易(yi)爆,高压下可透过容(rong)器(qi)壁,易(yi)与(yu)(yu)容(rong)器(qi)金属形成氢(qing)(qing)化物(wu)而产生氢(qing)(qing)脆的(de)(de)(de)特点(dian),因此(ci)探索和寻找适用于大(da)规模(mo)储氢(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)技术将是一项(xiang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)研究课(ke)题(ti)。常见的(de)(de)(de)储氢(qing)(qing)技术一般基于化学反(fan)应,如(ru)通(tong)过氢(qing)(qing)化物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)生成与(yu)(yu)分(fen)解储氢(qing)(qing),或者基于物(wu)理吸(xi)附,当(dang)前大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)储氢(qing)(qing)研究是基于物(wu)理吸(xi)附的(de)(de)(de)储氢(qing)(qing)方法。目前,氢(qing)(qing)气储存主(zhu)要(yao)有物(wu)理法和化学法两(liang)大(da)类。
物理法(fa)主要有:高压氢气储(chu)存、低温液化储(chu)存、玻璃微球储(chu)存、活性炭(tan)吸附储(chu)存、地下岩洞储(chu)存、碳纳米管(guan)储(chu)存(也包含部分的化学吸附储(chu)存)、水合物(wu)储(chu)存。
化学法(fa)主(zhu)要有:储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)合金储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)、有(you)机(ji)(ji)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)态(tai)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)化物(wu)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)、无机(ji)(ji)物(wu)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)等(deng)形式。衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)一种氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)气储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)运(yun)技术(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)据有(you)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)成(cheng)本(ben)、储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)安全性等(deng)方(fang)面。目前,氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)气一般(ban)以高(gao)压(ya)压(ya)缩、低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化、金属氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)化物(wu)、有(you)机(ji)(ji)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)化物(wu)和(he)物(wu)理化学吸附(fu)等(deng)形式储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)。衡量(liang)(liang)(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)参(can)数(shu)主要有(you)两个:体(ti)积(ji)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)质量(liang)(liang)(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)。体(ti)积(ji)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)为(wei)单位体(ti)积(ji)系统内储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)气的(de)(de)(de)(de)质量(liang)(liang)(liang),质量(liang)(liang)(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)为(wei)系统储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)气的(de)(de)(de)(de)质量(liang)(liang)(liang)与整个储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)质量(liang)(liang)(liang)(含容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、存(cun)(cun)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)介质材料、阀及氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)气等(deng))之比。高(gao)压(ya)压(ya)缩储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)发展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)历史较早,是(shi)(shi)比较传统而成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa),无需(xu)任何材料作(zuo)载体(ti),只需(xu)耐(nai)压(ya)和(he)绝热的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)其储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)效(xiao)率(lv)很(hen)低(di)(di),加压(ya)到15MPa时质量(liang)(liang)(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)不超过3%,而且存(cun)(cun)在(zai)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全隐患(huan),成(cheng)本(ben)也很(hen)高(gao)。低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化方(fang)式储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)运(yun)虽然质量(liang)(liang)(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(可(ke)以达(da)(da)到14%),但(dan)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)沸(fei)点仅(jin)20.38K,气化潜热小,仅(jin)0.921kJ/mol,而液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)与外界的(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)(wen)(wen)差,因此稍(shao)有(you)热量(liang)(liang)(liang)从外界传入容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi),即会快速(su)沸(fei)腾而损失。储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)合金的(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)较大,体(ti)积(ji)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)相同温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)、压(ya)力(li)条件下(xia)气态(tai)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1000倍,其体(ti)积(ji)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)高(gao)达(da)(da)40~50kg/m3,但(dan)其缺点是(shi)(shi)质量(liang)(liang)(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)低(di)(di),多数(shu)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)合金的(de)(de)(de)(de)质量(liang)(liang)(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)仅(jin)为(wei)1.5%~3%。
相对于(yu)高压(ya)压(ya)缩(suo)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)和(he)(he)低温(wen)液化(hua)(hua)(hua)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing),金属氢(qing)(qing)(qing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)、碳纳米管(guan)吸附、水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)等固态材料氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)方法(fa)(fa)主要(yao)有以下潜在优势:较(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)体(ti)积、较(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)压(ya)力(更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)能源效(xiao)率)和(he)(he)更多高纯度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)产出。压(ya)缩(suo)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)和(he)(he)液体(ti)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)如今是(shi)(shi)商业上可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa),但完全符(fu)合(he)成本效(xiao)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)系(xi)统还有待(dai)开发(fa)。另(ling)外还要(yao)关注(zhu)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)方法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全性,特别是(shi)(shi)对新的(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)方法(fa)(fa)。从安(an)全角度(du)上考虑,在城(cheng)市中建立储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)20~70MPa压(ya)缩(suo)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)容(rong)量(liang)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罐(guan)是(shi)(shi)不可行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。液化(hua)(hua)(hua)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)需(xu)要(yao)给液化(hua)(hua)(hua)设(she)备(bei)和(he)(he)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)设(she)备(bei)不断(duan)供(gong)冷(leng)来(lai)维持20K或更低的(de)(de)(de)(de)低温(wen)。用水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)近年来(lai)发(fa)展(zhan)起来(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一种(zhong)物(wu)(wu)理储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)方法(fa)(fa),该方法(fa)(fa)不但有较(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)效(xiao)率,而(er)(er)且其原料(水(shui)(shui)或冰(bing))也(ye)十分(fen)容(rong)易获得,另(ling)外,储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)温(wen)度(du)也(ye)在液氮温(wen)区以上。由于(yu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)分(fen)子是(shi)(shi)通过氢(qing)(qing)(qing)键与(yu)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)子结合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de),并不需(xu)要(yao)形(xing)成化(hua)(hua)(hua)学键,所以释放从而(er)(er)利用氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)容(rong)易得多,水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)也(ye)适合(he)于(yu)将氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在常压(ya)下安(an)全地储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)。北京世(shi)纪森朗(lang)水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)反应(ying)釜(fu)(fu),水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)反应(ying)设(she)备(bei),水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)技术储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)(cun)氢(qing)(qing)(qing)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)反应(ying)釜(fu)(fu),水(shui)(shui)合(he)物(wu)(wu)加氢(qing)(qing)(qing)反应(ying)釜(fu)(fu)。
友情链接 :