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北京世纪森朗关于生物质气化反应装置，生物质气化包括干燥、热解、氧化和还原反应。生物质气化技术是通过热化学反应将固态生物质转换为气体燃料的过程。生物质气化过程是复杂的物理变化和化学变化过程。它通过气化装置的热化学反应，可将低品位的固体生物质转换成高品位的可燃气。生物质气化有多种形式。如果按气化介质分，可分为使用气化介质和不使用气化介质，其中使用气化介质的技术又分为干馏气化、空气气化、氧气气化、水蒸气气化和氢气气化等。目前应用广泛的是空气气化。如果按产气的用途来分，可分为生物质气化供气技术、供热技术、发电技术和合成化学品技术等。

生物质气化反(fan)(fan)应装置(zhi)，生物(wu)(wu)质(zhi)气化是一个(ge)较多复(fu)杂(za)的(de)反(fan)(fan)应的(de)集(ji)合，从宏观来说，都可分为干燥、热(re)解、氧化（燃(ran)烧(shao)）和还原四个(ge)反(fan)(fan)应阶段。干燥是个(ge)简单的(de)物(wu)(wu)理(li)过(guo)程(cheng)，主要发(fa)生在100~150℃之间(jian)，整个(ge)过(guo)程(cheng)需(xu)要吸收(shou)大(da)量(liang)的(de)热(re)。当温(wen)度达到(dao)15℃以上，生物(wu)(wu)质(zhi)开(kai)始(shi)发(fa)生热(re)解，析出挥发(fa)分，留下木炭，构(gou)成进一步反(fan)(fan)应的(de)床层。

生物质(zhi)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)产(chan)(chan)(chan)物有CO、CO2、CH4、H2等，会(hui)与(yu)(yu)氧气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)发(fa)生氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)（燃(ran)烧），发(fa)出(chu)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，为干燥(zao)(zao)、热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)和(he)(he)(he)还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)提供(gong)足(zu)够热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)，维持整个气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)过程的(de)(de)(de)持续性。氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)（燃(ran)烧）产(chan)(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)水蒸气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)CO2等会(hui)与(yu)(yu)碳反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)生成H2和(he)(he)(he)CO，从而完成固(gu)体(ti)燃(ran)料向气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)燃(ran)料的(de)(de)(de)转变，此过程为还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)（吸(xi)(xi)(xi)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)），温(wen)度(du)越高，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)越激烈，当温(wen)度(du)低(di)于800℃后(hou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)基本处于停滞状态。固(gu)定床气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，生物质燃(ran)料经历干燥(zao)(zao)、热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)、氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)（燃(ran)烧）和(he)(he)(he)还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)转化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成可燃(ran)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)。根(gen)据气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)供(gong)给位置(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)过燃(ran)料层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)顺序(xu)，有上(shang)(shang)(shang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)、下(xia)(xia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)、横吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)开心式(shi)，主要使(shi)用前两(liang)种气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)由(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)到(dao)下(xia)(xia)依次为干燥(zao)(zao)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和(he)(he)(he)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。生物质从顶部(bu)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)(ru)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，首先被(bei)燃(ran)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)加(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)干燥(zao)(zao)，然后(hou)受(shou)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)发(fa)生热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)，析出(chu)大(da)量(liang)(liang)挥发(fa)分，固(gu)体(ti)炭依次进(jin)人下(xia)(xia)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和(he)(he)(he)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)则是(shi)从下(xia)(xia)部(bu)供(gong)给，首先与(yu)(yu)固(gu)体(ti)炭进(jin)行氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)，放(fang)出(chu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)使(shi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)床层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)温(wen)度(du)迅(xun)速(su)(su)升高，气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)中(zhong)全是(shi)燃(ran)烧产(chan)(chan)(chan)物。进(jin)人还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)后(hou)，燃(ran)烧产(chan)(chan)(chan)物与(yu)(yu)炭发(fa)生还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)，吸(xi)(xi)(xi)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)使(shi)得(de)(de)温(wen)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)，当温(wen)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)到(dao)800℃以下(xia)(xia)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)(su)率变得(de)(de)缓慢以至停止(zhi)。气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)继续上(shang)(shang)(shang)行，为燃(ran)料热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)和(he)(he)(he)干燥(zao)(zao)提供(gong)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)。下(xia)(xia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)由(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)到(dao)下(xia)(xia)依次为干燥(zao)(zao)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和(he)(he)(he)还(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。根(gen)据气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)供(gong)给的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)不同，有两(liang)种形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)：一是(shi)带有中(zhong)间缩口段的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)，气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)由(you)中(zhong)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)缩口段偏(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)供(gong)入(ru)(ru)(ru)；二是(shi)无中(zhong)间缩口段的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)，气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)(ji)由(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)供(gong)入(ru)(ru)(ru)。下(xia)(xia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)炉(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理与(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)式(shi)基本相同，只(zhi)是(shi)燃(ran)料干燥(zao)(zao)和(he)(he)(he)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)解(jie)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)来自下(xia)(xia)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

生物质气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在一定(ding)的热力(li)学条件下，将组成生物(wu)质(zhi)的碳(tan)氢(qing)化(hua)合物(wu)转化(hua)为含CO、H2、CH4等可燃(ran)(ran)(ran)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)的过程(cheng)(cheng)。为了提供反(fan)应(ying)的热力(li)学条件，气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)过程(cheng)(cheng)需要供给(ji)空气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或氧(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，使(shi)原料发生部分燃(ran)(ran)(ran)烧。气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)过程(cheng)(cheng)和常见(jian)的燃(ran)(ran)(ran)烧过程(cheng)(cheng)的区别是(shi)(shi)(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)烧过程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)供给(ji)充(chong)足的氧(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，使(shi)原料充(chong)分燃(ran)(ran)(ran)烧，目(mu)的是(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)接获取热量，燃(ran)(ran)(ran)烧后的产物(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)和水(shui)蒸气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等不可再燃(ran)(ran)(ran)烧的烟(yan)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)过程(cheng)(cheng)只供给(ji)热化(hua)学反(fan)应(ying)所需的那部分氧(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，而尽可能将能量保(bao)留(liu)在反(fan)应(ying)后得到的可燃(ran)(ran)(ran)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)中(zhong)，气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)后的产物(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)含CO、H2、CH4和低分子烃类的可燃(ran)(ran)(ran)气(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)。